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Significant Incidents against Americans Abroad (SIAAA) Dataset

The Significant Incidents Against Americans Abroad (SIAAA) Dataset is the first systematic data compilation capturing antagonistic actions directed toward American nationals, entities, and interests across the globe. It covers both violent and non-violent incidents across military, diplomatic, business, and civilian dimensions, drawn primarily from US Department of State Bureau of Diplomatic Security reports.

5,272
Incidents against American citizens and interests

1987–2015
Time period covered

11
Incident categories (bombings, kidnappings, demonstrations, and more)

Data were manually coded from the US Department of State Bureau of Diplomatic Security’s “Significant Incidents of Political Violence Against Americans” reports (1987–2002 and 2008–2015). For the gap years 2003–2007, the dataset draws on the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) and Lexis-Nexis. Each incident records the date, country, region, location, actor, type of attack, number of casualties, targeted institution or individual, and the ideological background of the perpetrator.

Political targets
2,270 incidents · 43.1%
Business targets
1,811 incidents · 34.4%
Private individuals
682 incidents · 12.9%
Military targets
509 incidents · 9.6%

The SIAAA is designed for use across political economy, peace and conflict studies, and political behavior. It enables researchers to move beyond attitudinal measures of anti-Americanism to study actual behavioral outcomes — examining when and under what conditions negative sentiments toward the United States translate into hostile action. It is also useful for country risk analysis, foreign policy evaluation, and counter-terrorism research.

Asadzade, Peyman, Behzad Attarzadeh, Roya Izadi, Skip Mark, and Almira Sadykova. 2024. “Significant Incidents Against Americans Abroad: Introducing a New Dataset.” International Interactions, 50(1), 188–207.

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